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中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
“钢轨医生”春运故事：零下2℃为高铁隧道“把脉问诊”******
(新春走基层)“钢轨医生”春运故事：零下2℃为高铁隧道“把脉问诊”
中新网宁波1月16日电(林波 朱小刚)“李康，晚上施工你负责下行侧隧道边墙检查。”“吴海瑞，你和王达负责清运杂草，夜间天气寒冷，大家都注意保暖。”“好的，我们会按标作业，注意保暖。”
窗外，夜色浓烈，凛冽的寒风呼呼地吹着。室内，灯火通明，回荡着阵阵应答声。
近日，在中国铁路上海局集团有限公司宁波工务段椒江桥隧工区会议室里，工区班前点名会正在举行，该工区工长王海松对7位职工的工作进行分工。
当日23时，职工们按照各自分工到工具间准备作业用的机工具。
此时，深夜江边雾气来袭，短时间内能见度不到10米，只有几盏头灯闪烁着微弱的光。幸运的是，不一会儿雾气就有所消散，“钢轨医生”们搭乘工程车，赶赴杭台高铁下北山二号隧道进口，等待进网作业命令。
命令下达后，他们进入隧道，分三组进行作业。
隧道拱顶混凝土结构检查现场。 王威 摄据悉，下北山二号隧道全长429米，虽是一座短隧道，却是华东地区第一座单洞四线隧道，也是台州站进站咽喉口，在杭台高铁全线位置非常重要。
作业现场，他们利用检查锤、照相机、望远镜和限界测量仪等检测工具，对隧道衬砌、基础沉降和限界等技术指标进行检查。
在工友照明灯的配合下，王海松利用60倍变焦望远镜，对隧道拱顶的混凝土结构进行检查。隧道里温度较低，湿度较大，灯光也不够亮，王海松和工友配合着对隧道拱顶混凝土结构进行逐个分段分格检查。
“这次有雾气，所以镜头不太清楚，只有频繁清理镜头，才能看得更清楚、更准确。”每隔一段时间，王海松就停下来对望远镜进行擦拭，确保现场观测的精准度。
在仔细检查隧道衬砌后，他们又打开中心水沟盖板，对水沟进行检查，这时王海松发现水沟里有一处细小的泥土淤积，约一厘米高。
“短隧道火车快速行驶，尘土、铁屑等杂物容易被吹进来，在中心水沟形成淤泥堆积，我们要用铁锹等工具把淤泥处理掉，确保排水通畅。”王海松如是介绍。
与此同时，另外两组人利用检查锤，对隧道上行侧和下行侧的边墙进行敲击，确认墙体是否有空响，并对高铁未开通前整治过的细小问题进行复检。
检查记录现场。 王威 摄“95后”职工李康在该工区从事桥隧检修作业已经有8年，每天0时到4时的四个小时作业里，他做的工作简单又重复，就是用检查锤不断敲击边墙或者拿着本子对数据进行记录。
当日凌晨，隧道里的温度已下降到零下2℃，李康的脸上却冒出了汗。
“我们在敲击过程中，每一步都得仔细、认真，每一块都不能漏下，并把问题全部记录下来，立马去现场整治。对我们而言，这项工作虽然很累，但还是感到很自豪，能为列车运行安全做最好的保障。”李康如是说。
2023年的春运是杭台高铁开通后的第二个春运。其间，这些“钢轨医生”们将对铁路沿线隧道、桥梁等设备进行加密检查，对相关技术指标进行“把脉问诊”，确保高铁旅客安全出行。(完)
（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎） [责编：天天中] 阅读剩余全文（）  视觉焦点
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